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<channel>
	<title>The Mad Genealogist &#187; Tips &amp; Tricks</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?feed=rss2&#038;cat=15" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog</link>
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		<title>What are Admiralty Court Records?</title>
		<link>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=539&amp;utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=what-are-admiralty-court-records</link>
		<comments>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=539#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Jul 2010 00:43:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Military Records]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Q&A]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tips & Tricks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Admiralty Court Records]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=539</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It is a common misconception that admiralty Court records are limited to cases pertaining to seamen and the vessels that traveled the high seas. While a court with admiralty powers regularly oversaw such matters as seamen&#8217;s wages, smuggling, piracy, prize (the confiscation of enemy ships and their cargo during wartime),shipwrecks, salvage, insurance, freight and passenger [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It is a common misconception that admiralty Court records are limited to cases pertaining to seamen and the vessels that traveled the high seas. While a court with admiralty powers regularly oversaw such matters as seamen&#8217;s wages, smuggling, piracy, prize (the confiscation of enemy ships and their cargo during wartime),shipwrecks, salvage, insurance, freight and passenger contracts, bottomry (using a ship as collateral), and contracts between merchants and mariners, they also had civil and criminal jurisdiction over all persons having any relation to maritime transactions, including shipbuilders and dockworkers.</p>
<p>Legal records pertaining to people that lived along the Of any navigable waterway the United States, including lakes, rivers, and anals, are likely to be found in admiralty courts. In addition to dockets and case files, a researcher may find evidence such as ship registers, licenses, crew lists, manifests, passenger lists, seamen&#8217;s contracts, logbooks, and other correspondence carried by ships.</p>
<p>Records from American admiralty as courts, as well as some English records obtained during the American Revolution, can be found in most branches of the National Archives. Pre-colonial records can sometimes be found in England as well.</p>
<p>To learn more try these books:</p>
<ul>
<li>Andrews, Charles M. <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000N2JCE0?ie=UTF8&#038;tag=southeasterng-20&#038;linkCode=as2&#038;camp=1789&#038;creative=9325&#038;creativeASIN=B000N2JCE0">The Colonial Period of American History. Vol. 4: England&#8217;s Commercial and Colonial Policy</a><img src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=southeasterng-20&#038;l=as2&#038;o=1&#038;a=B000N2JCE0" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" /><br />
. New Haven: Yak University Press, 1938.</li>
<li>Eakle, Arlene H &#8220;Research in Court Records.&#8221; <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1593312776?ie=UTF8&#038;tag=southeasterng-20&#038;linkCode=as2&#038;camp=1789&#038;creative=9325&#038;creativeASIN=1593312776">The Source: A Guidebook Of American Genealogy (Third Edition)</a><img src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=southeasterng-20&#038;l=as2&#038;o=1&#038;a=1593312776" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" /><br />
. Rev. ed. Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1997.</li>
<li>Szucs, Loretto Dennis, and Sandra Hargreaves Luebking. <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/091648923X?ie=UTF8&#038;tag=southeasterng-20&#038;linkCode=as2&#038;camp=1789&#038;creative=9325&#038;creativeASIN=091648923X">Archives: A Guide to the National Archives Field Branches</a><img src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=southeasterng-20&#038;l=as2&#038;o=1&#038;a=091648923X" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" /><br />
. Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1988.</li>
<li>Towle, Dorothy S. <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0019LNYBG?ie=UTF8&#038;tag=southeasterng-20&#038;linkCode=as2&#038;camp=1789&#038;creative=9325&#038;creativeASIN=B0019LNYBG">Records of the Vice-Admiralty Court of Rhode Island 1716-1752</a><img src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=southeasterng-20&#038;l=as2&#038;o=1&#038;a=B0019LNYBG" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" /><br />
. Washington, D.C.:  American Historical Association Committee Legal History, 1939.</li>
<li>Ubbelhide, Carl. <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0807807877?ie=UTF8&#038;tag=southeasterng-20&#038;linkCode=as2&#038;camp=1789&#038;creative=9325&#038;creativeASIN=0807807877">The Vice-Admiralty Courts and the American Revolution</a><img src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=southeasterng-20&#038;l=as2&#038;o=1&#038;a=0807807877" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" /><br />
. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1960.</li>
</ul>
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		<item>
		<title>Courthouse Tip</title>
		<link>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=518&amp;utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=courthouse-tip</link>
		<comments>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=518#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Jun 2010 14:38:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Tips & Tricks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[courthouse]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=518</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Here is a tip that works great for me. When visiting a Court house, I always take my Digital Camera.  I can photograph the old books then go home and look at them on the computer any time I want.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here is a tip that  works great for me. When visiting a Court house, I always take my Digital Camera.  I can photograph the old books  then go home and look at them on the computer any time I want.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?feed=rss2&amp;p=518</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Help I cant find my ancestors grave / marker?</title>
		<link>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=434&amp;utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=help-i-cant-find-my-ancestors-grave-marker</link>
		<comments>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=434#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Jun 2010 19:24:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cemetery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tips & Tricks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Grave]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marker]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=434</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Your ancestor may have had a wooden marker that has long since deteriorated. So too, his gravestone may have been destroyed or moved. Probably the bestplace to start would be with the local genealogists in Onondaga County. It may be that his stone has toppled or was vandalized, but that it was read and recorded [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Your ancestor may have had a wooden marker that has long since deteriorated. So too, his gravestone may have been destroyed or moved.  Probably the bestplace to start would be with the local genealogists in Onondaga County.  It may be that his stone has toppled or was vandalized, but that it was read and recorded at some earlier point in history.  If this is the case, then the row location may have also been documented and you are well on your way to identifying his grave site.</p>
<p>When markers fall, they often lay right where they fell, have several inches of grass growing over them and can be probed for, found and subsequently reset in their original bases (also buried over time).  More often than not, down stones wind up elsewhere when cemetery maintenance personnel move them to prevent hitting them with mowing equipment.  I estimate that a typical early 19th century cemetery has at least 30% more burials than what is apparent on the surface today, and unfortunately some are far worse than others.</p>
<p>If you can determine for certain that he is buried on the premises, and in what approximate area, then the investigation becomes one of putting the pieces of the puzzle together.  Often a location can be determined by the process of elimination if you&#8217;re lucky enough to have adequate documentation that was accomplished at an earlier time. We have helped relocate many gravestones in the proper area by the means discussed above and without ever having to resort to subsurface imaging. </p>
<p>If need be, it is possible to identify the location of an unmarked grave using subsurface imaging equipment such as ground penetrating radar, magnetometry and or other means of electromagnetic measurement. </p>
<p>Again, your best bet is to try to prove that your ancestor was actually buried at that particular cemetery.  Local genealogists should be able to offer some insight one way or the other.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<item>
		<title>1790-1840 Census Birth Year Reference</title>
		<link>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=389&amp;utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=1790-1840-census-birth-year-reference</link>
		<comments>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=389#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Mar 2010 16:08:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Census Records]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tips & Tricks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Birth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Census]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=389</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Below, you will find a chart containing the approximate birth years for age listings on the census. Please remember, that before 1850 the census information on age was vague. 1790 Census BORN 1830 Census BORN 16 and Under Before 1774 Under 5 Between 1825-1830 Under 16 Between 1774-1790 5-10 Between 1820-1825 1800 Census 10-15 Between [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Below, you will find a chart containing the approximate birth years for age listings on the census. Please remember, that before 1850 the census information on age was vague.</p>
<table border="1" width="100%" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="20%" align="center"><strong><a href="http://www.familyhistory101.com/research-census/census1790.html">1790 Census</a></strong></td>
<td width="28%" align="center"><strong>BORN</strong></td>
<td width="4%" align="center"></td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><strong><a href="http://www.familyhistory101.com/research-census/census1830.html">1830 Census</a></strong></td>
<td width="28%" align="center"><strong>BORN</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">16 and Under</td>
<td width="28%">Before 1774</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">Under 5</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1825-1830</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">Under 16</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1774-1790</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">5-10</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1820-1825</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" align="center"><strong><a href="http://www.familyhistory101.com/research-census/census1800.html">1800 Census</a></strong></td>
<td width="28%"></td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">10-15</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1815-1820</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">Under 10</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1790-1800</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">15-20</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1810-1815</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">10-16</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1784-1790</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">20-30</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1800-1810</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">16-26</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1774-1784</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">30-40</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1790-1800</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">26-45</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1755-1774</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">40-50</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1780-1790</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">45 and Over</td>
<td width="28%">Before 1755</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">50-60</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1770-1780</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" align="center"><strong><a href="http://www.familyhistory101.com/research-census/census1800.html">1810 Census</a></strong></td>
<td width="28%"></td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">60-70</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1760-1750</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">Under 10</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1800-1810</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">70-80</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1750-1740</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">10-16</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1794-1800</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">80-90</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1740-1750</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">16-26</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1784-1794</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">90-100</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1730-1740</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">26-45</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1765-1784</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">100 and Over</td>
<td width="28%">Before 1730</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">45 and Over</td>
<td width="28%">Before 1765</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%" align="center"><strong><a href="http://www.familyhistory101.com/research-census/census1840.html">1840 Census</a></strong></td>
<td width="28%"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" align="center"><strong><a href="http://www.familyhistory101.com/research-census/census1820.html">1820 Census</a></strong></td>
<td width="28%"></td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">Under 5</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1835-1840</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">Under 10</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1810-1820</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">5-10</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1830-1835</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">10-16</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1804-1810</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">10-15</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1825-1830</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">16-18 (males only)</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1802-1804</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">15-20</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1820-1825</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">16-26</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1794-1804</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">20-30</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1810-1820</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">26-45</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1775-1794</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">30-40</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1800-1810</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%">45 and Over</td>
<td width="28%">Before 1775</td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">40-50</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1790-1800</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" align="center"></td>
<td width="28%"></td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">50-60</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1780-1790</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%"></td>
<td width="28%"></td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">60-70</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1770-1780</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%"></td>
<td width="28%"></td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">70-80</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1760-1770</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%"></td>
<td width="28%"></td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">80-90</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1750-1760</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%"></td>
<td width="28%"></td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">90-100</td>
<td width="28%">Between 1740-1750</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%"></td>
<td width="28%"></td>
<td width="4%"></td>
<td width="20%">100 and Over</td>
<td width="28%">Before 1740</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Questions on African-American Research</title>
		<link>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=250&amp;utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=questions-on-african-american-research</link>
		<comments>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=250#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Feb 2010 22:46:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General Rambling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tips & Tricks]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=250</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I received a email on my facebook page and decided to re-post it here in hopes that someone with more experience in African American research can help. Hi Brian I am doing research for my family, we are African American, we use Ivery after Emancipation. I see a lot of white Ivey&#8217;s around my ancestors. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I received a email on my facebook page and decided to re-post it here in hopes that someone with more experience in African American research can help.</p>
<blockquote><p>Hi Brian<br />
I am doing research for my family, we are African American, we use Ivery after Emancipation. I see a lot of white Ivey&#8217;s around my ancestors. I wanted to know some tips or shortcuts, I have been doing a lot online with Ancestry and just looking up names. I have a lot of info on this family, but don&#8217;t want to do too much if they aren&#8217;t the ones. I just wanted to break our brick wall. I did get the will and appraisment record of Barna Ivey, now I&#8217;m working on getting back the sons, William and Malachi. Barna listed his slaves in great detail, I&#8217;m sure his sons kept great records like him, none of the names listed was I familiar with, but I will keep just in case later something comes up or other families I might run across might need them later. I work with Susette Cook on my d/c&#8217;s. I haved been to Bullock County Courthouse as most of my ancestors and living relatives still live down there. Making a trip in the spring again. I went to our family cemetery and did the history and phototaking on that. I have a website which I run with my cousin Lisa, it&#8217;s called <a href="http://www.Ike-Iveryfamily.org" target="_blank">Ike-Iveryfamily.org</a><br />
So hopefully you can go on there and see some of the work I  have done, we are constantly working on it. Hope to hear from you soon, ask any question of me. U seem very knowledgeable abt subject and I could use a veteran to help me, I have been doing this since 2001. Still learning. Hope to hear from you soon, I hope I gave you enough info to respond to.<br />
TrueAnn<br />
Kentucky<br />
&#8220;Happy Hunting!&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>This was my initial response so someone correct me or add to it please. I will have True Ann come to this page to read the responses .</p>
<blockquote><p>I am not extremely knowledgeable in AA research but do know enough to get by. I will post your situation on my blog and maybe someone that really knows this area. Off hand I know from my experience that many former slaves took on their former masters last names so I would start with the local Ivery&#8217;s for sure. Also check the 1850 and 1860 slave census schedules.</p></blockquote>
<p>Waiting on the Genealogy community now ;&gt;)&#8230;&#8230;</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>North Carolina Newspaper Digitization Project</title>
		<link>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=248&amp;utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=north-carolina-newspaper-digitization-project</link>
		<comments>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=248#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Dec 2009 13:16:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Newspapers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tips & Tricks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Websites]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Newspaper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[north carolina]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=248</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The NC State Archives announced today that the newspaper digitization project is now available online &#8211; http://www.archives.ncdcr.gov/newspaper/index.html They have digitized many papers &#8212; from their site, &#8220;These materials include papers dating from 1752-1890s from cities like Edenton (1787-1801), Fayetteville (1798-1795), Hillsboro (1786), New Bern (1751-1804), Salisbury (1799-1898), and Wilmington (1765-1816) &#8211; a total of 23,483 [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The NC State Archives announced today that the newspaper digitization project is now available online &#8211; <a href="http://www.archives.ncdcr.gov/newspaper/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.archives.ncdcr.gov/newspaper/index.html</a></p>
<p>They have digitized many papers &#8212; from their site, &#8220;These materials<br />
include papers dating from 1752-1890s from cities like Edenton<br />
(1787-1801), Fayetteville (1798-1795), Hillsboro (1786), New Bern<br />
(1751-1804), Salisbury (1799-1898), and Wilmington (1765-1816) &#8211; a total<br />
of 23,483 digital images that are keyword searchable.&#8221;</p>
<blockquote><p><span><span>N</span>ewspapers are fundamental research tools for all researchers, from elementary school students and casual readers to university faculty and professional genealogists.  No other published source covers such a wide range of material and reaches so deeply into the communities in our state. They provide a wealth of data about the civic, political, cultural, and social events of the periods they document. Historic newspapers offer an intimate close-up view of the American past that few other sources can provide.</span></p>
<p><span>In 2009, the North Carolina State Archives completed a project to digitize newspapers from it&#8217;s collection that were, up until that time, only available on microfilm. These materials include papers dating from 1752-1890s from cities like Edenton (1787-1801), Fayetteville (1798-1795), Hillsboro (1786), New Bern (1751-1804), Salisbury (1799-1898), and Wilmington (1765-1816) &#8211; a total of 23,483 digital images that are keyword searchable. The project was made possible by a LSTA grant provided by the State Library of North Carolina.</span></p></blockquote>
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		<title>Research In Court Records &#8211; Ages of Legal Action in Courts</title>
		<link>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=188&amp;utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=ages-of-legal-action-in-courts</link>
		<comments>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=188#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Jun 2009 18:48:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Court Records]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tips & Tricks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[age]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Birth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chart]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Document]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Female]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Legal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Male]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=188</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I know many times I have found myself trying to figure out one of my ancestors birth date, especially before 1850 when census records only listed age ranges for everyone. Well I have a list here to help find out at least when someone was born before. For example, I am looking for a birth [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I know many times I have found myself trying to figure out one of my ancestors birth date, especially before 1850 when census records only listed age ranges for everyone. Well I have a list here to help find out at least when someone was born before.</p>
<p>For example, I am looking for a birth date for John Doe. The earliest record I show for him is in 1780 as a witness on a court document. Well I use my little chart here and see that males needed to be 14 to legally witness a document. So I can at least determine that John Doe was born before 1766 (1780 &#8211; 14 = 1766).</p>
<p>This chart has helped me many times in the past and I hope you can use it as well.</p>
<table border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="28%"><strong>Legal Action</strong></td>
<td width="14%"><strong>Legal Age</strong></td>
<td width="58%"><strong>Exceptions/Comments</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Inherit</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">From birth</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">An unborn child can also inherit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Be enumerated in census</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">From birth</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Usually heads of household only until 1850</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Witness documents</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">14 (male);<br />
12 (female)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">The age of discretion under the common law was 14  (males) and 12 (females). Some exceptions are listed below</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Attend school</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">5</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Some schools accepted 3-year-olds</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Testify in court</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">14 (male);<br />
12 (female)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Choose guardian</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">14 (male);<br />
12 (female)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Must be 21 in New York. No choice until age of  discretion; then, if guardian ppointed by court is unacceptable, can select  another subject to court approval</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Serve as apprentice</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">14 (male);<br />
12 (female)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Standard term was to 21 (male), 18 (female), or time  of marriage. If apprenticed before age of discretion, bound only to ages 14/12.  Must have written deed which allowed for apprentice’s content, except for  orphans on the public charge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Show land to processioners</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">14 (male);<br />
12 (female)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Males only; southern states. (Procession means to walk  around the boundary lines of local property owners.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Be punished for crime</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">14 (male);<br />
12 (female)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Some general exceptions before 1860. Complicated changes in the 20th  century</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Sign contracts</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">14 (male);<br />
12 (female)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">May be required to confirm contract after arriving at  majority</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Act as executor</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">14 (male);<br />
12 (female)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Usually administrator with will annexed so the court  had some controls. Age 17 in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Missouri; age 18 in  Mississippi. Bondsman who could act as co-executor required in Vermont</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Bequeath personal property by will</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">14 (male);<br />
12 (female)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Age 18 in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Virginia; age 18  (male) and 16 (female) in New York; age 21 in Vermont. Property may be held in  custody of court pending review</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Marry</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">14 (male);<br />
12 (female)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Parental consent required in most states until age  21(male) and 18 (female). Married child not subject to control of parents, could  remarry on death of spouse without consent if underage. Age 18 (male) and 14  (female) in Mississippi, Ohio, Indiana; age 18 (male) and 15 (female) in  Minnesota; age 17 (male) and 14 (female) in Illinois; age 16 (male) and 14  (female) in Iowa. Marriage is valid without parental consent, but officiator  could be fined. Annulment or Divorce only way to void the marriage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Be taxed</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">16</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Males only were counted; females appear as “heirs of . . . ”</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Muster into militia</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">16</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Males only</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Procession land</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">16</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Procession means to walk around the boundary lines of  local property owners</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Take possession of land holdings</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">16</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">“In possession of” on tax rolls signifies that the  person named is at least 16</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Practice trade</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">18</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Some cities licensed tradesmen to practice their  Profession/occupation at age 18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Release of guardian</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">21 (male);<br />
18 (female)</td>
<td align="left" valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Own land</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">21</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Some states allowed females these rights at age  18</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Devise land by will</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">21</td>
<td align="left" valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Be taxed</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">21</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Full poll responsibility unless exempt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Plead or sue in court</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">21</td>
<td align="left" valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Be naturalized</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">21</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">After meeting residence requirements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Fill public office</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">21</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Age 25 or older required for some offices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Serve on jury</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">21</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Grand jury, petit jury, coroner’s jury</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Vote</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">21</td>
<td align="left" valign="top">Linked to 21 as age of land ownership, a  prerequisite<br />
to voting in colonies</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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		<title>Tips &#8211; Substitute for Missing Marraige Records</title>
		<link>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=176&amp;utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=tips-substitute-for-missing-marraige-records</link>
		<comments>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=176#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2009 15:07:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Court Records]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tips & Tricks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vital Records]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[courthouse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[divorce record]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[marriage record]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=176</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[So, you go to the courthouse to get a copy of a simple marriage record&#8230;.. and you are hit with the fact that the courthouse was destroyed at some point in the past. What are you to do? Well old Newspapers are a good option but unless you are in a major city, actual copies [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>So, you go to the courthouse to get a copy of a simple marriage record&#8230;.. and you are hit with the fact that the courthouse was destroyed at some point in the past. What are you to do?</p>
<p>Well old Newspapers are a good option but unless you are in a major city, actual copies can be spotty at best. Well here is a great option that is often overlooked&#8230;. DIVORCE RECORDS!</p>
<p>Divorce Records are a great substitute for a missing marriage record. Divorce records were not always filed in the local courthouse. Courthouse filings didn&#8217;t start until later years in most states. Divorces that occurred early in a states history were recorded in published journals of the statehouse or senate. The marriage date and place were often part of the divorce record.were not</p>
<p>Sometimes the divorce was never finalized for whatever reason. In those cases a petition may have survived. Petitions far outnumber divorces granted. Some divorces were appealed to a higher court such as  a Superior or Supreme Court. So look there as well.</p>
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		<title>Tips &#8211; Court Records 06/05/2009</title>
		<link>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=165&amp;utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=tips-court-records</link>
		<comments>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=165#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Jun 2009 19:00:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Court Records]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tips & Tricks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Administator]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Caswell County]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Christopher Brooks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Estate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Henry Williams]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[widow]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=165</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In the 18th or 19th century, if a man died and left a young widow, that widow probobly would have asked that her father of brother to be named administator of the estate. This was a common practice, and for the regular  genealogist, this appointment is a wonderful clue to the young widows maiden name. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In the 18th or 19th century, if a man died and left a young widow, that widow probobly would have asked that her father of brother to be named administator of the estate. This was a common practice, and for the regular  genealogist, this appointment is a wonderful clue to the young widows maiden name.</p>
<p>Case in point is my ancestor <a title="Christopher Brooks" href="http://www.nicholsgenealogy.net/nichols/brooks/brooks-christopher.htm" target="_blank">Christopher Brooks</a>. <a title="Christopher Brooks" href="http://www.nicholsgenealogy.net/nichols/brooks/brooks-christopher.htm" target="_blank">Christopher Brooks</a> married a Susanna Williams shortly before 1780 in <a title="North Carolina" href="http://mynorthcarolinagenealogy.com/index.htm" target="_blank">North Carolina</a> or <a title="Virginia" href="http://myvirginiagenealogy.com/index.htm" target="_blank">Virginia</a>. Thier marraige records did not show up in <a title="Caswell County, North Carolina" href="http://www.mynorthcarolinagenealogy.com/nc_county/cas.htm" target="_blank">Caswell County, NC</a> so at the time I did not know Susanna maiden name. I looked and found administration papers for  Christopher Brooks and is stated Susann&#8217;s father, <a title="Henry Williams of Caswell County, North Carolina" href="http://www.nicholsgenealogy.net/nichols/williams/williams-henry.htm" target="_blank">Henry Williams</a>, was administrator of the estate.</p>
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		<title>Sr. and Jr. not always fathers and sons</title>
		<link>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=158&amp;utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=sr-and-jr-not-always-fathers-and-sons</link>
		<comments>http://www.familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=158#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 28 Feb 2009 21:19:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Tips & Tricks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[father]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jr]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[relationship]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[son]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sr]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://familyhistory101.com/blog/?p=158</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Researchers also need to keep in mind that Sr and Jr designations did not always indicate a father/son relationship. Sometimes it indicated two generations with men having the same name but they could have been uncle, nephew or some other relationship.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Researchers also need to keep in mind that  Sr and Jr designations did not always indicate a father/son relationship.  Sometimes it indicated two generations with men having the same name but they could have been uncle, nephew or some other relationship.</p>
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